Scrabble Words with V but no O
There are 8,290 valid Scrabble words that contain the letter V but not a single O, ranging up to 15 letters. They're grouped by length below, longest first. Every word is valid in the NWL (NASPA Word List), the official North American Scrabble tournament dictionary.
15-letter words
149 wordsacquisitiveness29
strong desire to acquire and possess
- adversarinesses19
- advisablenesses21
- alternativeness18
- antiderivatives22
- antispeculative22
argumentatively24
in a disputatious manner
- assertivenesses18
- attentivenesses18
- availablenesses20
- believabilities22
- circumnavigated26
- circumnavigates25
- circumvallating25
- cultivabilities22
- deceptivenesses23
- defensivenesses22
- demisemiquavers32
- descriptiveness23
- deservingnesses20
destructiveness21
the quality of causing destruction
- destructivities21
- determinatively24
- diffusivenesses25
distinctiveness21
a distinguishing trait
- divertissements21
- effectivenesses26
- evangelicalisms23
everlastingness19
the property of lasting forever
- excessivenesses27
- exclusivenesses27
- excursivenesses27
- expansivenesses27
- expensivenesses27
- extensivenesses25
- gravimetrically26
- hyperactivities28
- hyperaggressive28
- hyperreactivity31
- hyperventilated27
- hyperventilates26
- hypervigilances29
- hypervirulences28
imaginativeness21
the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses
- imitativenesses20
- immersivenesses22
- impassivenesses22
- implicativeness24
- impulsivenesses22
inattentiveness18
a lack of attentiveness (as to children or helpless people)
- inclusivenesses20
- individualising21
individualistic22
marked by or expressing individuality
- individualities20
- individualizing30
ineffectiveness26
lacking the power to be effective
- inevitabilities20
inexpensiveness27
the quality of being affordable
inquisitiveness27
a state of active curiosity
insensitiveness18
the inability to respond to affective changes in your interpersonal environment
+ 89 more 15-letter words
14-letter words
265 words- abrasivenesses19
- accumulatively26
- adaptivenesses20
- adhesivenesses21
administrative20
of or relating to or responsible for administration
- adverbializing30
- advertisements20
- advertizements29
- advisabilities20
aggressiveness19
a feeling of hostility that arouses thoughts of attack
- aggressivities19
alliteratively20
in an alliterative manner
- allusivenesses17
- antiderivative21
- antinarratives17
- antireflective22
- antisubversive22
- antiuniversity20
appreciatively26
with appreciation; in a grateful manner
apprehensively27
with anxiety or apprehension
- assaultiveness17
attractiveness19
sexual allure
- availabilities19
- avascularities19
- aversivenesses20
- avuncularities19
circumnavigate24
travel around, either by plane or ship
- circumvallated24
- circumvallates23
- creativenesses19
- cumulativeness21
- curvilinearity22
- daredeviltries19
- decisivenesses20
- defervescences25
- definitiveness21
- deliberatively23
- deliverability23
- delusivenesses18
demisemiquaver31
a musical note having the time value of a thirty-second of a whole note
- depravednesses21
- derisivenesses18
- derivativeness21
- descriptivisms24
- descriptivists22
- deservednesses19
- determinatives20
- devilishnesses21
- digressiveness19
diminutiveness20
the property of being very small in size
- disadvantaging21
- disaggregative21
disbelievingly24
in an incredulous manner
discriminative22
capable of making fine distinctions
discursiveness20
the quality of being discursive
disintegrative19
tending to cause breakup into constituent elements or parts
- disinvestments20
- dismissiveness20
- dispersiveness20
- disruptiveness20
+ 205 more 14-letter words
13-letter words
390 words- abusivenesses18
acculturative20
of or relating to acculturation
- acquisitively30
- adumbratively24
- adventuresses17
adventuristic19
of or pertaining to adventurism
- adverbialized29
- adverbializes28
- adversariness17
- adversatively23
- adversenesses17
advertisement19
a public promotion of some product or service
advertizement28
a public promotion of some product or service
- advisableness19
- affectivities24
affirmatively27
in an affirmative manner
agglutinative18
forming derivative or compound words by putting together constituents each of which expresses a single definite meaning
aggravatingly22
in an aggravating fashion
- aggregatively22
- aggrievements20
alternatively19
in place of, or as an alternative to
- amativenesses18
- ambivalencies22
- animadverting20
- anniversaries16
- antediluvians17
- antigravities17
- antinarrative16
- antislaveries16
- appellatively23
- applicatively25
argumentative19
given to or characterized by argument
assertiveness16
aggressive self-assurance; given to making bold assertions
- atavistically21
attentiveness16
paying particular notice (as to children or helpless people)
attributively21
in an attributive manner
- augmentatives19
availableness18
the quality of being at hand when needed
- averagenesses17
- aviculturists18
believability23
the quality of being believable or trustworthy
- cantilevering19
captivatingly24
in a bewitching manner
- caravansaries18
- caravanserais18
- carnivalesque27
circumvallate22
surround with or as if with a rampart or other fortification
- circumventing23
- civilianising19
- civilianizing28
- cultivability23
- cursivenesses18
- daredevilries18
deceptiveness21
the quality of being deceptive
- declaratively22
defensiveness20
excessive sensitivity to criticism
defervescence24
abatement of a fever as indicated by a reduction in body temperature
descriptively24
by giving a description
descriptivism23
(ethics) a doctrine holding that moral statements have a truth value
- descriptivist21
+ 330 more 13-letter words
12-letter words
620 words- abbreviating20
abrasiveness17
the quality of being sharply disagreeable
accelerative19
tending to increase velocity
accumulative21
increasing by successive addition
- accusatively22
- achievements22
- acriflavines20
- activenesses17
- adaptiveness18
- adaptivities18
- additivities17
adhesiveness19
the property of sticking together (as of glue and wood) or the joining of surfaces of different composition
adjectivally28
as an adjective; in an adjectival manner
adjudicative26
concerned with adjudicating
- advancements20
- adventurisms18
- adventurists16
- adverbialize27
- adversatives19
- advertencies18
- advertisings17
advisability21
the quality of being advisable
- affirmatives23
- afflictively26
- affricatives23
aggressively20
in an aggressive manner
- aggressivity20
- aggrievement19
alliterative15
having the same consonant at the beginning of each stressed syllable
allusiveness15
a quality characterized by indirect reference
- alternatives15
- ambivalences21
- ambivalently22
- animadverted19
antediluvian16
a very old person
- anticreative17
- antitussives15
- antivitamins17
- appellatives19
- apperceiving22
apperceptive23
able to relate new percepts to past experience
appreciative21
feeling or expressive of gratitude
apprehensive22
in fear or dread of possible evil or harm
- arenaviruses15
articulative17
of or relating to articulation
- assaultively18
- asseverating16
- asseverative18
assimilative17
capable of mentally absorbing ; ,
attractively20
in a beautiful manner
- attributives17
augmentative18
increasing or having the power to increase especially in size or amount or degree
availability20
the quality of being at hand when needed
- avascularity20
- aversenesses15
- aversiveness18
- aviculturist17
- avuncularity20
- bedevilingly22
- bedevilments20
+ 560 more 12-letter words
11-letter words
880 wordsabbreviated19
(of clothing) very short
- abbreviates18
abstractive18
of an abstracting nature or having the power of abstracting
- abusiveness16
- acclivities18
- accusatival18
- accusatives18
- acetylative19
achievement21
the action of accomplishing something
acquisitive25
eager to acquire and possess things especially material possessions or ideas
- acriflavine19
- activewears19
adjectively27
as an adjective
adumbrative19
indistinctly prophetic
advancement19
encouragement of the progress or growth or acceptance of something
- advantaging17
adventitial15
of or pertaining to the adventitia
- adventitias15
- adventurers15
adventuress15
a woman adventurer
- adventuring16
adventurism17
recklessness in politics or foreign affairs
- adventurist15
adverbially20
as an adverb
- adversarial15
- adversaries15
adversative18
expressing antithesis or opposition
- adverseness15
- adversities15
- advertences17
advertently18
in a careful deliberate manner
- advertisers15
advertising16
a public promotion of some product or service
advertizing25
a public promotion of some product or service
- advisements17
- aestivating15
- affectively25
- affectivity25
affirmative22
a reply of affirmation
affricative22
a composite speech sound consisting of a stop and a fricative articulated at the same point (as `ch' in `chair' and `j' in `joy')
- aftershaves20
aggravating17
making worse
aggregative17
formed of separate units gathered into a mass or whole
- aggrievedly20
- alivenesses14
- alleviating15
alleviative17
moderating pain or sorrow by making it easier to bear
- almsgivings18
alternative14
one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen
amativeness16
the arousal of feelings of sexual desire
ambivalence20
mixed feelings or emotions
ambivalency23
mixed feelings or emotions
- animadverts17
anniversary17
the date on which an event occurred in some previous year (or the celebration of it)
- anteverting15
- antigravity18
- antislavery17
antitussive14
any medicine used to suppress or relieve coughing
- antiviruses14
- antivitamin16
+ 820 more 11-letter words
10-letter words
1,133 wordsabbreviate17
reduce in scope while retaining essential elements
- ablatively18
- abrasively18
- abreactive17
accusative17
the case of nouns serving as the direct object of a verb
achievable20
capable of existing or taking place or proving true; possible to do
activating16
the activity of causing to have energy and be active
activeness15
the state of being active
activewear18
attire worn for sport or for casual wear
activistic17
advocating or engaged in activism
- activities15
- activizing25
- adaptively19
- adaptivity19
- additively18
- additivity18
- adhesively20
adjectival23
of or relating to or functioning as an adjective
- adjectives23
adjunctive23
joining; forming an adjunct
- advantaged16
- advantages15
adventitia14
an enveloping or covering membrane or layer of body tissue
- adventives17
- adventured15
adventurer14
a person who enjoys taking risks
- adventures14
- adverbials16
advertence16
the process of being heedful
advertency19
the process of being heedful
advertised15
called to public attention
advertiser14
someone whose business is advertising
- advertises14
- advertized24
- advertizes23
advisement16
careful consideration
- aestivated14
- aestivates13
- affidavits20
afflictive21
causing misery or pain or distress
- afterlives16
- aftershave19
aggravated16
incited, especially deliberately, to anger
- aggravates15
aggressive15
characteristic of an enemy or one eager to fight
- aggrieving16
- alleviants13
alleviated14
(of pain or sorrow) made easier to bear
- alleviates13
- allusively16
- almsgivers16
almsgiving17
making voluntary contributions to aid the poor
ambivalent17
uncertain or unable to decide about what course to follow
animadvert16
express blame or censure or make a harshly critical remark
- anteverted14
- anticavity18
- antivenins13
apperceive19
perceive in terms of a past experience
appetitive17
of or relating to appetite
- appraisive17
+ 1,073 more 10-letter words
9-letter words
1,336 words- aardvarks17
- ablatives14
- abrasives14
abusively17
in an abusive manner
acceptive18
accepting willingly
acclivity19
an upward slope or grade (as in a road)
accretive16
growing by accretion
acervulus14
small asexual fruiting body resembling a cushion or blister consisting of a mat of hyphae that is produced on a host by some fungi
- achievers17
- achieving18
activated15
(military) set up and placed on active assignment
- activates14
- activisms16
- activists14
- activized24
- activizes23
addictive16
causing or characterized by addiction
- additives14
adductive16
especially of muscles; bringing together or drawing toward the midline of the body or toward an adjacent part
- adhesives16
adjective22
a word that expresses an attribute of something
adjustive20
conducive to adjustment
- adjuvants20
admissive15
characterized by or allowing admission
- advancers15
advancing16
moving forward
advantage14
(tennis) first point scored after deuce
- advecting16
advective18
of or relating to advection
adventive16
not native and not fully established; locally or temporarily naturalized
adventure13
a wild and exciting undertaking (not necessarily lawful)
adverbial15
a word or group of words function as an adverb
adversary16
someone who offers opposition
adversely16
in an adverse manner
adversity16
a state of misfortune or affliction
advertent13
giving attention
- adverting14
advertise13
call attention to
advertize22
call attention to
advisable15
worthy of being recommended or suggested; prudent or wise
- advisably18
advisedly17
with intention; in an intentional manner
aestivate12
sleep during summer
affective20
characterized by emotion
affidavit19
written declaration made under oath; a written statement sworn to be true before someone legally authorized to administer an oath
- agentival13
- agentives13
aggravate14
exasperate or irritate
- aggrieved15
- aggrieves14
agitative13
causing or tending to cause anger or resentment
aliveness12
the condition of living or the state of being alive
alleviant12
remedy that alleviates pain without curing
alleviate12
make easier
- alluvials12
- alluviums14
almsgiver15
a person who gives alms
- amadavats15
- amatively17
- ambiverts16
+ 1,276 more 9-letter words
8-letter words
1,295 wordsaardvark16
nocturnal burrowing mammal of the grasslands of Africa that feeds on termites; sole extant representative of the order Tubulidentata
ablative13
the case indicating the agent in passive sentences or the instrument or manner or place of the action described by the verb
abrasive13
a substance that abrades or wears down
acervate13
pertaining to a growth of fungi that forms a heaped-up mass
- acervuli13
- achieved17
achiever16
a person with a record of successes
- achieves16
activate13
aerate (sewage) so as to favor the growth of organisms that decompose organic matter
actively16
in an active manner
activism15
a policy of taking direct and militant action to achieve a political or social goal
activist13
a militant reformer
activity16
(chemistry) the capacity of a substance to take part in a chemical reaction
- activize22
adaptive14
having a capacity for adaptation
additive13
something added to enhance food or gasoline or paint or medicine
adhesive15
a substance that unites or bonds surfaces together
adjuvant19
an additive that enhances the effectiveness of medical treatment
advanced15
(of societies) highly developed especially in technology or industry
advancer14
someone who advances
- advances14
- advected15
- adverted13
- advisees12
- advisers12
- advising13
aestival11
(rare) of or occurring in summer
- agentive12
aggrieve13
cause to feel sorrow
- airwaves14
- akvavits18
- alewives14
allusive11
characterized by indirect references
alluvial11
of or relating to alluvium
alluvium13
clay or silt or gravel carried by rushing streams and deposited where the stream slows down
amadavat14
red Asian weaverbirds often kept as cage birds
- ambivert15
- antevert11
- anviling12
- anvilled12
- aquavits20
archival16
of or relating to or contained in or serving as an archive
- archived17
archives16
collection of records especially about an institution
- arrivals11
- arrivers11
- arriving12
- atavisms13
- atavists11
auditive12
of or relating to the process of hearing
avadavat15
red Asian weaverbirds often kept as cage birds
- availing12
- avarices13
avellane11
pertaining to filberts or hazelnuts
- avengers12
- avenging13
aventail11
a medieval hood of mail suspended from a basinet to protect the head and neck
- averaged13
- averages12
averment13
a declaration that is made emphatically (as if no supporting evidence were necessary)
+ 1,235 more 8-letter words
7-letter words
993 wordsabusive12
characterized by physical or psychological maltreatment
achieve15
to gain with effort
- actives12
advance13
a change for the better; progress in development
- advects13
- advents11
- adverbs13
adverse11
contrary to your interests or welfare
- adverts11
- advices13
advised12
having received information
advisee11
someone who receives advice
adviser11
an expert who gives advice
- advises11
- agravic13
- airvacs12
airwave13
medium for radio and television broadcasting
akvavit17
Scandinavian liquor usually flavored with caraway seeds
- alevins10
- alluvia10
amative12
inclined toward or displaying love
amusive12
providing enjoyment; pleasantly entertaining
- anviled11
aquavit19
Scandinavian liquor usually flavored with caraway seeds
- aquiver19
archive15
a depository containing historical records and documents
arrival10
accomplishment of an objective
- arrived11
arriver10
someone who arrives (or has arrived)
- arrives10
atavism12
a reappearance of an earlier characteristic
atavist10
an organism that has the characteristics of a more primitive type of that organism
- availed11
avarice12
extreme greed for material wealth
- avatars10
avellan10
pertaining to filberts or hazelnuts
avenged12
for which vengeance has been taken
avenger11
someone who takes vengeance
- avenges11
- avenses10
- avenues10
average11
(sports) the ratio of successful performances to opportunities
- averred11
- averted11
- averter10
- avgases11
- aviated11
- aviates10
- aviatic12
- avidins11
avidity14
a positive feeling of wanting to push ahead with something
- avulsed11
- avulses10
baklava16
rich Middle Eastern cake made of thin layers of flaky pastry filled with nuts and honey
- beavers12
bedevil13
be confusing or perplexing to; cause to be unable to think clearly
beehive15
a hairdo resembling a beehive
- behaved16
- behaver15
- behaves15
+ 933 more 7-letter words
6-letter words
687 wordsactive11
a person who is a participating member of an organization
advect12
convey by horizontal mass movement of a fluid
advent10
(Christian theology) the reappearance of Jesus as judge for the Last Judgment
adverb12
a word that modifies something other than a noun
advert10
a public promotion of some product or service
advice12
a proposal for an appropriate course of action
advise10
give advice to
- agaves10
- airvac11
- aivers9
- ajivas16
- alevin9
- alvars9
alvine9
of or relating to the intestines
- anvils9
arrive9
reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress
- atavic11
- avails9
avatar9
a new personification of a familiar idea
- avaunt9
avenge10
take revenge for a perceived wrong
avenue9
a line of approach
averse9
(usually followed by `to') strongly opposed
- averts9
- avians9
aviary12
a building where birds are kept
aviate9
operate an airplane
- avidin10
avidly13
in an avid manner
avulse9
separate by avulsion
beaver11
a full beard
- beeves11
behave14
behave in a certain manner
- belive11
- bevels11
- bevies11
- bravas11
- braved12
- braver11
- braves11
- breves11
brevet11
a document entitling a commissioned officer to hold a higher rank temporarily (but without higher pay)
- calved12
- calves11
canvas11
a heavy, closely woven fabric (used for clothing or chairs or sails or tents)
carved12
made for or formed by carving (`carven' is archaic or literary)
- carvel11
carven11
made for or formed by carving (`carven' is archaic or literary)
carver11
United States botanist and agricultural chemist who developed many uses for peanuts and soy beans and sweet potatoes (1864-1943)
- carves11
casava11
any of several plants of the genus Manihot having fleshy roots yielding a nutritious starch
caveat11
(law) a formal notice filed with a court or officer to suspend a proceeding until filer is given a hearing
cavern11
a large cave or a large chamber in a cave
- cavers11
caviar11
salted roe of sturgeon or other large fish; usually served as an hors d'oeuvre
- cavies11
- cavils11
- caving12
cavity14
(anatomy) a natural hollow or sinus within the body
cervid12
distinguished from Bovidae by the male's having solid deciduous antlers
+ 627 more 6-letter words
5-letter words
369 wordsagave9
tropical American plants with basal rosettes of fibrous sword-shaped leaves and flowers in tall spikes; some cultivated for ornament or for fiber
- aiver8
- ajiva15
alive8
(followed by `to' or `of') aware of
- alvar8
anvil8
a heavy block of iron or steel on which hot metals are shaped by hammering
- arval8
avail8
a means of serving
- avant8
- avast8
avens8
any of various perennials of the genus Geum having usually pinnate basal leaves and variously colored flowers
- avers8
avert8
prevent the occurrence of; prevent from happening
- avgas9
avian8
pertaining to or characteristic of birds
bevel10
a hand tool consisting of two rules that are hinged together so you can draw or measure angles of any size
- bevvy16
- brava10
brave10
a North American Indian warrior
- bravi10
breve10
a diacritical mark (U-shaped) placed over a vowel to indicate a short sound
calve10
birth
carve10
cut to pieces
- cavas10
- caved11
- caver10
- caves10
- cavie10
cavil10
an evasion of the point of an argument by raising irrelevant distinctions or objections
chevy16
annoy continually or chronically
chive13
perennial having hollow cylindrical leaves used for seasoning
chivy16
annoy continually or chronically
civet10
cat-like mammal typically secreting musk used in perfumes
civic12
of or relating or belonging to a city
- civie10
civil10
(of divisions of time) legally recognized in ordinary affairs of life
- civvy16
- clave10
- clavi10
crave10
have a craving, appetite, or great desire for
curve10
a line on a graph representing data
curvy13
(of a woman's body) having a large bosom and pleasing curves
- cuvee10
- daven9
davit9
a crane-like device (usually one of a pair) for suspending or lowering equipment (as a lifeboat)
- deave9
delve9
turn up, loosen, or remove earth
- devas9
- devel9
devil9
(Judeo-Christian and Islamic religions) chief spirit of evil and adversary of God; tempter of mankind; master of Hell
- devis9
divan9
a Muslim council chamber or law court
- divas9
- dived10
diver9
large somewhat primitive fish-eating diving bird of the northern hemisphere having webbed feet placed far back; related to the grebes
- dives9
divvy15
short for dividend; especially one paid by a cooperative society
- drave9
drive9
(computer science) a device that writes data onto or reads data from a storage medium
duvet9
a soft quilt usually filled with the down of the eider
+ 309 more 5-letter words
4-letter words
137 wordsaver7
report or maintain
aves7
(ornithology) the class of birds
avid8
(often followed by `for') ardently or excessively desirous
bevy12
a flock of birds (especially when gathered close together on the ground)
- cava9
cave9
a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea
cavy12
short-tailed rough-haired South American rodent
davy11
English chemist who was a pioneer in electrochemistry and who used it to isolate elements sodium and potassium and barium and boron and calcium and magnesium and chlorine (1778-1829)
- deva8
devi8
Hindu mother goddess; supreme power in the universe; wife or embodiment of the female energy of Siva having both beneficent and malevolent forms or aspects
- devs8
diva8
a distinguished female operatic singer; a female operatic star
dive8
a cheap disreputable nightclub or dance hall
- eave7
envy10
a feeling of grudging admiration and desire to have something that is possessed by another
- eruv7
even7
the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)
ever7
(intensifier for adjectives) very
- eves7
evil7
morally objectionable behavior
- fava10
- fave10
- favs10
five10
a playing card or a domino or a die whose upward face shows five pips
- gave8
give8
the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length
- guvs8
- gyve11
have10
a person who possesses great material wealth
hive10
a man-made receptacle that houses a swarm of bees
java14
a beverage consisting of an infusion of ground coffee beans
jive14
a style of jazz played by big bands popular in the 1930s; flowing rhythms but less complex than later styles of jazz
- jivy17
kava11
an alcoholic drink made from the aromatic roots of the kava shrub
- kiva11
- kvas11
lava7
rock that in its molten form (as magma) issues from volcanos; lava is what magma is called when it reaches the surface
lave7
cleanse (one's body) with soap and water
- lavs7
- leva7
- levs7
levy10
a charge imposed and collected
live7
continue to live through hardship or adversity
- luvs7
nave7
the central area of a church
- navs7
navy10
a dark shade of blue
neve7
the upper part of a glacier (beyond the limit of perpetual snow) where the snow turns to ice
- nevi7
pave9
a setting with precious stones so closely set that no metal shows
- perv9
rave7
a dance party that lasts all night and electronically synthesized music is played
- revs7
rive7
separate or cut with a tool, such as a sharp instrument
save7
(sports) the act of preventing the opposition from scoring
- sevs7
shiv10
a knife used as a weapon
spiv9
a person without employment who makes money by various dubious schemes; goes about smartly dressed and having a good time
- tavs7
- tivy10
+ 77 more 4-letter words
3-letter words
36 words- ava6
- ave6
- dev7
eve6
(Old Testament) Adam's wife in Judeo-Christian mythology: the first woman and mother of the human race; God created Eve from Adam's rib and placed Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden
- fav9
- guv7
ivy9
Old World vine with lobed evergreen leaves and black berrylike fruits
lav6
a room or building equipped with one or more toilets
lev6
the basic unit of money in Bulgaria
- luv6
- nav6
rev6
rate of revolution of a motor
- sev6
- tav6
vac8
informal term for vacation
van6
(Great Britain) a closed railroad car that carries baggage or freight
var6
a unit of electrical power in an AC circuit equal to the power dissipated when 1 volt produces a current of 1 ampere
vas6
a tube in which a body fluid circulates
vat6
a large open vessel for holding or storing liquids
- vau6
- vav9
- vaw9
- vax13
- vee6
veg7
edible seeds or roots or stems or leaves or bulbs or tubers or nonsweet fruits of any of numerous herbaceous plant
vet6
a doctor who practices veterinary medicine
vex13
be a mystery or bewildering to
- via6
- vid7
vie6
compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others
- vig7
vim8
a healthy capacity for vigorous activity
- vin6
- vis6
- vug7
- vum8